Base oil SN 150 is known as a light-grade base oil at the lower end of the specifications for Grade I light base oils. It is mostly used in lubricant and lubricant additives production. It is a Group I base oil that has undergone solvent refining processes. To finish the refining it was hydrogen treated to clear out any impurities.
Applications Base oil SN 150:
Base oil SN 150 works as a base stock for several industrial lubricants.
General purpose oils
Mold oil
Transmission fluids
Gear oils
Metalworking fluids
Additives
Hydraulic oils
Transformer oils
PRODUCT’s GENERAL INFORMATION
SUPPORTING BY PRESENT SAMPLE!
Test Parameters
Test Values(MIN – Max)
Test Method
Viscosity @100˚c
6.5- 7.5
ASTM-D445
Viscosity Index
90 – 115
ASTM-D2270
Flash point ˚c
180 – 190
ASTM-D92
Pour point ˚c
0 _ -6
ASTM-D97
Viscosity @15˚c
0.875 – 0.885
ASTM-D4052
Color
1.5
–
Packing Style:
……
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Base Oil SN 500 is defined as a light-grade base oil at the upper end of the specifications for Grade I base oils. It is mostly used in lubricant production. It is a Group I base oil that has undergone solvent refining processes. To finish the refining it was hydrogen treated to clear out any impurities.
Applications Base Oil / Virgin – SN500:
Base Oil SN 500 works as a base stock for several industrial lubricants
Engine oils
Transmission fluids
Gear oils
Metalworking fluids
Greases
Hydraulic oils
Transformer oils
PRODUCT’s GENERAL INFORMATION
SUPPORTING BY PRESENT SAMPLE!
Test Parameters
Test Values
Test Method
Kinematic Viscosity @40˚c
103 – 105
ASTM-D445
Kinematic Viscosity @100˚c
10.5 – 11.5
ASTM-D445
Viscosity Index
90
ASTM-D2270
Flash point ˚c
235 – 250
ASTM-D92
Pour point ˚c
-4
ASTM-D97
Color
1.5 – 2
ASTM-D1500
Density @15˚c
0.880 ± 0.005
ASTM D-4052
Packing Style:
……
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Poly Aluminium Chloride is an acidic solution made of the elements aluminum, chlorine, hydrogen, and oxygen. Clear to slightly yellow in color it is also referred to as PAC, PAX, or Polyaluminium Hydroxide Chloride Sulphate Solution.
Poly Aluminium Chloride is a highly efficient water treatment chemical where it works as a coagulant to extract and clump together contaminants, colloidal and suspended matter. This results in the formation of floc (flocculation) for removal via filters. The below image showing coagulation in action illustrates this process.
Uses POLY ALUMINUM CHLORIDE (PAC):
Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) is most commonly used in the water treatment industry as a coagulant. It is characterized by the degree of basification – the higher this number the higher the polymer content which equals a more efficient product in the clarification of water products.
Other uses of PAC include within the oil and gas industries for oil refining where the product works as an oil-water emulsion destabilizer offering excellent separation performance. In terms of crude oil, any water presence equals a reduced commercial value and higher refining costs, so this product is essential in ensuring optimum efficiency.
PAC is also used in the production of deodorants and antiperspirant products as the active ingredient that essentially creates a barrier on the skin and helps to reduce levels of sweat. In the paper and pulp industries, It is used as a coagulant in papermill wastewater.
PRODUCT’s GENERAL INFORMATION
SUPPORTING BY PRESENT SAMPLE!
Appearance
Pale Yellow Powder
Aluminum as Al2O3
30% ± 2
Basicity
40$ ± 5
Chloride as Cl
31% ± 2
Sulphate as SO4
10%
Insoluble
1.5%
pH of 5% Solution
2.5 – 4.5 w/v
Packing Style:
25 Kg Bags
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Calcium oxide (CaO), commonly known as quicklime or burnt lime, is a widely used chemical compound. It is a white, caustic, alkaline, crystalline solid at room temperature. The broadly used term “lime” connotes calcium-containing inorganic materials, in which carbonates, oxides, and hydroxides of calcium, silicon, magnesium, aluminum, and iron predominate. By contrast, quicklime specifically applies to the single chemical compound calcium oxide. Calcium oxide that survives processing without reacting in building products such as cement is called free lime.
Quicklime is relatively inexpensive. Both it and the chemical derivative calcium hydroxide (of which quicklime is the base anhydride) are important commodity chemicals.
Uses CALCIUM OXIDE (CaO):
The major use of quicklime is in the basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS) process. Its usage varies from about 30 to 50 kilograms (65–110 lb) per ton of steel. The quicklime neutralizes the acidic oxides, SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3, to produce a basic molten slag.
Ground quicklime is used in the production of aerated concrete blocks, with densities of ca. 0.6–1.0 g/cm3 (9.8–16.4 g/cu in).
Quicklime and hydrated lime can considerably increase the load-carrying capacity of clay-containing soils. They do this by reacting with finely divided silica and alumina to produce calcium silicates and aluminates, which possess cementing properties.
Small quantities of quicklime are used in other processes; e.g., the production of glass, calcium aluminate cement, and organic chemicals.
Heat: Quicklime releases thermal energy by the formation of the hydrate, calcium hydroxide, by the following equation:
CaO (s) + H2O (l) ⇌ Ca(OH)2 (aq) (ΔHr = −63.7 kJ/mol of CaO)
As it hydrates, an exothermic reaction results, and the solid puffs up. The hydrate can be reconverted to quicklime by removing the water by heating it to redness to reverse the hydration reaction. One liter of water combines with approximately 3.1 kilograms (6.8 lb) of quicklime to give calcium hydroxide plus 3.54 MJ of energy. This process can be used to provide a convenient portable source of heat, for on-the-spot food warming in a self-heating can, cooking, and heating water without open flames. Several companies sell cooking kits using this heating method.
It is known as a food additive to the FAO as an acidity regulator, a flour treatment agent, and a leavener. It has E number E529.
Light: When quicklime is heated to 2,400 °C (4,350 °F), it emits an intense glow. This form of illumination is known as the limelight and was used broadly in theatrical productions before the invention of electric lighting.
Cement: Calcium oxide is a key ingredient in the process of making cement.
As a cheap and widely available alkali. About 50% of the total quicklime production is converted to calcium hydroxide before use. Both quick- and hydrated lime are used in the treatment of drinking water.
Petroleum industry: Water detection pastes contain a mix of calcium oxide and phenolphthalein. Should this paste come into contact with water in a fuel storage tank, the CaO reacts with the water to form calcium hydroxide. Calcium hydroxide has a high enough pH to turn the phenolphthalein a vivid purplish-pink color, thus indicating the presence of water.
Paper: Calcium oxide is used to regenerate sodium hydroxide from sodium carbonate in the chemical recovery at Kraft pulp mills.
Plaster: There is archeological evidence that Pre-Pottery Neolithic B humans used limestone-based plaster for flooring and other uses. Such floors remained in use until the late nineteenth century.
Chemical or power production: Solid sprays or slurries of calcium oxide can be used to remove sulfur dioxide from exhaust streams in a process called flue-gas desulfurization.
Mining: Compressed lime cartridges exploit the exothermic properties of quicklime to break rock. A shot hole is drilled into the rock in the usual way and a sealed cartridge of quicklime is placed within and tamped. A quantity of water is then injected into the cartridge and the resulting release of steam, together with the greater volume of the residual hydrated solid, breaks the rock apart. The method does not work if the rock is particularly hard.
Disposal of corpses: Historically, it was mistakenly believed that quicklime was efficacious in accelerating the decomposition of corpses. The application of quicklime can, in fact, promote preservation. Quicklime can aid in eradicating the stench of decomposition, which may have led people to an erroneous conclusion.
It has been determined that the durability of ancient Roman concrete is attributed in part to the use of quicklime as an ingredient. Combined with hot mixing, the quicklime creates macro-sized lime clasts with a characteristically brittle nano-particle architecture. As cracks form in the concrete they preferentially pass through the structurally weaker lime clasts, fracturing them. When water enters these cracks it creates a calcium-saturated solution that can recrystallize as calcium carbonate, quickly filling the crack.
Weapon
In 80 BC, the Roman general Sertorius deployed choking clouds of caustic lime powder to defeat the Characitani of Hispania, who had taken refuge in inaccessible caves. A similar dust was used in China to quell an armed peasant revolt in 178 AD when lime chariots equipped with bellows blew limestone powder into the crowds.
Quicklime is also thought to have been a component of Greek fire. Upon contact with water, quicklime would increase its temperature above 150 °C (302 °F) and ignite the fuel.
David Hume, in his History of England, recounts that early in the reign of Henry III, the English Navy destroyed an invading French fleet by blinding the enemy fleet with quicklime. Quicklime may have been used in medieval naval warfare – up to the use of “lime-mortars” to throw it at enemy ships.
PRODUCT’s GENERAL INFORMATION
SUPPORTING BY PRESENT SAMPLE!
Appearance
White Powder
Purity
Min 98%
Size
200 Mesh
Packing Style:
25 Kg Bags
1 Metric Ton Jumbo Bag (PP / PE)
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Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CaCO3. It is a common substance found in rocks as the minerals calcite and aragonite (most notably as limestone, which is a type of sedimentary rock consisting mainly of calcite) and is the main component of eggshells, gastropod shells, shellfish skeletons, and pearls. Things containing much calcium carbonate or resembling it are described as calcareous. Calcium carbonate is the active ingredient in agricultural lime and is created when calcium ions in hard water react with carbonate ions to create limescale. It has medical use as a calcium supplement or as an antacid, but excessive consumption can be hazardous and cause hypercalcemia and digestive issues.
Uses CARBONATE CALCIUM (CaCo3):
Construction
The main use of calcium carbonate is in the construction industry, either as a building material, limestone aggregate for road building, as an ingredient of cement or as the starting material for the preparation of builders’ lime by burning in a kiln. However, because of weathering mainly caused by acid rain, calcium carbonate (in limestone form) is no longer used for building purposes on its own, but only as a raw primary substance for building materials.
Calcium carbonate is also used in the purification of iron from iron ore in a blast furnace. The carbonate is calcined in situ to give calcium oxide, which forms a slag with various impurities present and separates from the purified iron.
In the oil industry, calcium carbonate is added to drilling fluids as a formation-bridging and filter cake-sealing agent; it is also a weighting material that increases the density of drilling fluids to control the downhole pressure. Calcium carbonate is added to swimming pools, as a pH corrector for maintaining alkalinity and offsetting the acidic properties of the disinfectant agent.
It is also used as a raw material in the refining of sugar from sugar beet; it is calcined in a kiln with anthracite to produce calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. This burnt lime is then slaked in fresh water to produce a calcium hydroxide suspension for the precipitation of impurities in raw juice during carbonatation.
Calcium carbonate in the form of chalk has traditionally been a major component of blackboard chalk. However, modern manufactured chalk is mostly gypsum, hydrated calcium sulfate CaSO4·2H2O. Calcium carbonate is a main source for growing biorock. Precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), pre-dispersed in slurry form, is a common filler material for latex gloves with the aim of achieving maximum savings in material and production costs.
Fine ground calcium carbonate (GCC) is an essential ingredient in the microporous film used in diapers and some building films, as the pores are nucleated around the calcium carbonate particles during the manufacture of the film by biaxial stretching. GCC and PCC are used as a filler in paper because they are cheaper than wood fiber. In terms of market volume, GCC is the most important type of filler currently used. Printing and writing paper can contain 10–20% calcium carbonate. In North America, calcium carbonate has begun to replace kaolin in the production of glossy paper. Europe has been practicing this as alkaline papermaking or acid-free papermaking for some decades. PCC used for paper filling and paper coatings is precipitated and prepared in a variety of shapes and sizes having characteristic narrow particle size distributions and equivalent spherical diameters of 0.4 to 3 micrometers.
Calcium carbonate is widely used as an extender in paints, in particular matte emulsion paint where typically 30% by weight of the paint is either chalk or marble. It is also a popular filler in plastics. Some typical examples include around 15 to 20% loading of chalk in unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) drainpipes and 5% to 15% loading of stearate-coated chalk or marble in uPVC window profiles. PVC cables can use calcium carbonate at loadings of up to 70 phr (parts per hundred parts of resin) to improve mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation) and electrical properties (volume resistivity). Polypropylene compounds are often filled with calcium carbonate to increase rigidity, a requirement that becomes important at high usage temperatures. Here the percentage is often 20–40%. It is also routinely used as a filler in thermosetting resins (sheet and bulk molding compounds) and has also been mixed with ABS, and other ingredients, to form some types of compression-molded “clay” poker chips. Precipitated calcium carbonate, made by dropping calcium oxide into water, is used by itself or with additives as a white paint, known as whitewashing.
Calcium carbonate is added to a wide range of trade and do-it-yourself adhesives, sealants, and decorating fillers. Ceramic tile adhesives typically contain 70% to 80% limestone. Decorating crack fillers contain similar levels of marble or dolomite. It is also mixed with putty in setting stained glass windows and as a resistance to prevent the glass from sticking to kiln shelves when firing glazes and paints at high temperatures.
In ceramic glaze applications, calcium carbonate is known as whiting and is a common ingredient for many glazes in its white powdered form. When a glaze containing this material is fired in a kiln, the whiting acts as a flux material in the glaze. Ground calcium carbonate is an abrasive (both as scouring powder and as an ingredient of household scouring creams), in particular in its calcite form, which has a relatively low hardness level of 3 on the Mohs scale, and will therefore not scratch glass and most other ceramics, enamel, bronze, iron, and steel, and have a moderate effect on softer metals like aluminum and copper. A paste made from calcium carbonate and deionized water can be used to clean tarnish on silver.
Health and diet
Calcium carbonate is widely used medicinally as an inexpensive dietary calcium supplement for antacids (such as Tums and Eno). It may be used as a phosphate binder for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia (primarily in patients with chronic kidney failure). It is used in the pharmaceutical industry as an inert filler for tablets and other pharmaceuticals.
Calcium carbonate is used in the production of calcium oxide as well as toothpaste and has seen a resurgence as a food preservative and color retainer when used in or with products such as organic apples.
Calcium carbonate is used therapeutically as a phosphate binder in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. It is the most common form of phosphate binder prescribed, particularly in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease. Calcium carbonate is the most commonly used phosphate binder, but clinicians are increasingly prescribing the more expensive, non-calcium-based phosphate binders, particularly sevelamer.
Excess calcium from supplements, fortified food, and high-calcium diets can cause milk-alkali syndrome, which has serious toxicity and can be fatal. In 1915, Bertram Sippy introduced the “Sippy regimen” of hourly ingestion of milk and cream, and the gradual addition of eggs and cooked cereal, for 10 days, combined with alkaline powders, which provided symptomatic relief for peptic ulcer disease. Over the next several decades, the Sippy regimen resulted in kidney failure, alkalosis, and hypercalcemia, mostly in men with peptic ulcer disease. These adverse effects were reversed when the regimen stopped, but it was fatal in some patients with protracted vomiting. Milk-alkali syndrome declined in men after effective treatments for peptic ulcer disease arose. Since the 1990s it has been most frequently reported in women taking calcium supplements above the recommended range of 1.2 to 1.5 grams daily, for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, and is exacerbated by dehydration. Calcium has been added to over-the-counter products, which contributes to inadvertent excessive intake. Excessive calcium intake can lead to hypercalcemia, complications of which include vomiting, abdominal pain, and altered mental status.
As a food additive, it is designated E170, and it has an INS number of 170. Used as an acidity regulator, anticaking agent, stabilizer, or color it is approved for usage in the EU, US and Australia, and New Zealand. It is “added by law to all UK milled bread flour except wholemeal”. It is used in some soy milk and almond milk products as a source of dietary calcium; at least one study suggests that calcium carbonate might be as bioavailable as the calcium in cow’s milk. Calcium carbonate is also used as a firming agent in many canned and bottled vegetable products.
Several calcium supplement formulations have been documented to contain the chemical element lead, posing a public health concern.Lead is commonly found in natural sources of calcium.
Agriculture and aquaculture
Agricultural lime, powdered chalk, or limestone, is used as a cheap method for neutralizing acidic soil, making it suitable for planting, also used in the aquaculture industry for pH regulation of pond soil before initiating culture.
Household cleaning
Calcium carbonate is a key ingredient in many household cleaning powders like Comet and is used as a scrubbing agent.
Pollution mitigation
In 1989, a researcher, Ken Simmons, introduced CaCO3 into Whetstone Brook in Massachusetts. His hope was that the calcium carbonate would counter the acid in the stream from acid rain and save the trout that had ceased to spawn. Although his experiment was a success, it did increase the number of aluminum ions in the area of the brook that was not treated with the limestone. This shows that CaCO3 can be added to neutralize the effects of acid rain in river ecosystems. Currently, calcium carbonate is used to neutralize acidic conditions in both soil and water. Since the 1970s, such liming has been practiced on a large scale in Sweden to mitigate acidification, and several thousand lakes and streams are limed repeatedly.
Calcium carbonate is also used in desulfurization applications eliminating harmful SO2 and NO2 emissions from coal and other fossil fuels burnt in large fossil fuel power stations.
PRODUCT’s GENERAL INFORMATION
SUPPORTING BY PRESENT SAMPLE!
Appearance
Cream Powder
Purity
Min 97%
Specific Gravity
325 Mesh
Specific Gravity
2.74 g/ml
Packing Style:
1 Metric Ton Jumbo Bag (PP / PE)
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Calcium chloride is an inorganic compound, a salt with the chemical formula CaCl2. It is a white crystalline solid at room temperature, and it is highly soluble in water. It can be created by neutralizing hydrochloric acid with calcium hydroxide.
Calcium chloride is commonly encountered as a hydrated solid with the generic formula CaCl2·nH2O, where n = 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6. These compounds are mainly used for de-icing and dust control. Because the anhydrous salt is hygroscopic, it is used as a desiccant.
Uses Calcium chloride
De-icing and freezing-point depression
By depressing the freezing point of water, calcium chloride is used to prevent ice formation and is used to de-ice. This application consumes the greatest amount of calcium chloride. Calcium chloride is relatively harmless to plants and soil. As a deicing agent, it is much more effective at lower temperatures than sodium chloride. When distributed for this use, it usually takes the form of small, white spheres a few millimeters in diameter, called prills. Solutions of calcium chloride can prevent freezing at temperatures as low as −52 °C (−62 °F), making it ideal for filling agricultural implement tires as a liquid ballast, aiding traction in cold climates.
It is also used in domestic and industrial chemical air dehumidifiers.
Road surfacing
The second largest application of calcium chloride exploits its hygroscopic nature and the tackiness of its hydrates; calcium chloride is highly hygroscopic and its hydration is an exothermic process. A concentrated solution keeps a liquid layer on the surface of dirt roads, which suppresses the formation of dust. It keeps the finer dust particles on the road, providing a cushioning layer. If these are allowed to blow away, the large aggregate begins to shift around and the road breaks down. Using calcium chloride reduces the need for grading by as much as 50% and the need for fill-in materials by as much as 80%.
Food
The average intake of calcium chloride as food additives has been estimated to be 160–345 mg/day. Calcium chloride is permitted as a food additive in the European Union for use as a sequestrant and firming agent with the E number E509. It is considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Its use in organic crop production is generally prohibited under the US National Organic Program.
As a firming agent, calcium chloride is used in canned vegetables, in firming soybean curds into tofu, and in producing a caviar substitute from vegetable or fruit juices. It is commonly used as an electrolyte in sports drinks and other beverages, including bottled water. The extremely salty taste of calcium chloride is used to flavor pickles without increasing the food’s sodium content. Calcium chloride’s freezing-point depression properties are used to slow the freezing of the caramel in caramel-filled chocolate bars. Also, it is frequently added to sliced apples to maintain texture.
In brewing beer, calcium chloride is sometimes used to correct mineral deficiencies in the brewing water. It affects flavor and chemical reactions during the brewing process, and can also affect yeast function during fermentation.
In cheesemaking, calcium chloride is sometimes added to processed (pasteurized/homogenized) milk to restore the natural balance between calcium and protein in casein. It is added before the coagulant.
Calcium chloride is used to prevent spots and pits on apples by spraying on the tree during the late growing season.
Laboratory and related drying operations
Drying tubes are frequently packed with calcium chloride. Kelp is dried with calcium chloride for use in producing sodium carbonate. Anhydrous calcium chloride has been approved by the FDA as a packaging aid to ensure dryness (CPG 7117.02).
The hydrated salt can be dried for re-use but will dissolve in its own water of hydration if heated quickly and form a hard amalgamated solid when cooled.
Calcium chloride is used in concrete mixes to accelerate the initial setting, but chloride ions lead to the corrosion of steel rebar, so it should not be used in reinforced concrete.The anhydrous form of calcium chloride may also be used for this purpose and can provide a measure of the moisture in the concrete.
Calcium chloride is included as an additive in plastics and fire extinguishers, in blast furnaces as an additive to control scaffolding (clumping and adhesion of materials that prevent the furnace charge from descending), and in fabric softener as a thinner.
The exothermic dissolution of calcium chloride is used in self-heating cans and heating pads.
In the oil industry, calcium chloride is used to increase the density of solids-free brines. It is also used to provide inhibition of swelling clays in the water phase of inverted emulsion drilling fluids.
CaCl2 acts as a flux material, decreasing the melting point, in the Davy process for the industrial production of sodium metal through the electrolysis of molten NaCl.
Calcium chloride is also used in the production of activated charcoal.
Calcium chloride can be used to precipitate fluoride ions from water as insoluble CaF2.
Calcium chloride is also an ingredient used in ceramic slipware. It suspends clay particles so that they float within the solution, making it easier to use in a variety of slipcasting techniques.
Calcium chloride dihydrate (20 percent by weight) dissolved in ethanol (95 percent ABV) has been used as a sterilant for male animals. The solution is injected into the testes of the animal. Within one month, necrosis of testicular tissue results in sterilization.
Cocaine producers in Colombia import tons of calcium chloride to recover solvents that are on the INCB Red List and are more tightly controlled.
PRODUCT’s GENERAL INFORMATION
SUPPORTING BY PRESENT SAMPLE!
Appearance
White Grained Powder
Purity
Min 94% Grade 1
Size
2 to 4 mm
Packing Style:
1 Metric Ton Jumbo Bag (PP / PE)
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A lubricant (sometimes shortened to lube) is a substance that helps to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact, which ultimately reduces the heat generated when the surfaces move. It may also have the function of transmitting forces, transporting foreign particles, or heating or cooling the surfaces. The property of reducing friction is known as lubricity.
In addition to industrial applications, lubricants are used for many other purposes. Other uses include cooking (oils and fats used in frying pans, in baking to prevent food sticking), bioapplications on humans (e.g. lubricants for artificial joints), ultrasound examination, medical examination, and sexual intercourse. It is mainly used to reduce friction and to contribute to a better and more efficient functioning of a mechanism.
LUBRICANT Properties:
A good lubricant generally possesses the following characteristics:
A high boiling point and low freezing point (in order to stay liquid within a wide range of temperatures)
A high viscosity index
Thermal stability
Hydraulic stability
Demulsibility
Corrosion prevention
High resistance to oxidation
Functions of Lubricants:
Keep moving parts apart
Lubricants are typically used to separate moving parts in a system. This separation has the benefit of reducing friction, wear, and surface fatigue, together with reduced heat generation, operating noise, and vibrations. Lubricants achieve this in several ways. The most common is by forming a physical barrier i.e., a thin layer of lubricant separates the moving parts. This is analogous to hydroplaning, the loss of friction observed when a car tire is separated from the road surface by moving through standing water. This is termed hydrodynamic lubrication. In cases of high surface pressures or temperatures, the fluid film is much thinner and some of the forces are transmitted between the surfaces through the lubricant.
Reduce friction
Typically the lubricant-to-surface friction is much less than surface-to-surface friction in a system without any lubrication. Thus the use of a lubricant reduces the overall system friction. Reduced friction has the benefit of reducing heat generation and reduced formation of wear particles as well as improved efficiency. Lubricants may contain polar additives known as friction modifiers that chemically bind to metal surfaces to reduce surface friction even when there is insufficient bulk lubricant present for hydrodynamic lubrication, e.g. protecting the valve train in a car engine at startup. The base oil itself might also be polar in nature and as a result inherently able to bind to metal surfaces, as with polyol ester oils.
Transfer heat
Both gas and liquid lubricants can transfer heat. However, liquid lubricants are much more effective on account of their high specific heat capacity. Typically the liquid lubricant is constantly circulated to and from a cooler part of the system, although lubricants may be used to warm as well as to cool when a regulated temperature is required. This circulating flow also determines the amount of heat that is carried away in any given unit of time. High-flow systems can carry away a lot of heat and have the additional benefit of reducing the thermal stress on the lubricant. Thus lower-cost liquid lubricants may be used. The primary drawback is that high flows typically require larger sumps and bigger cooling units. A secondary drawback is that a high-flow system that relies on the flow rate to protect the lubricant from thermal stress is susceptible to catastrophic failure during sudden system shutdowns. An automotive oil-cooled turbocharger is a typical example. Turbochargers get red hot during operation and the oil that is cooling them only survives as its residence time in the system is very short (i.e. high flow rate). If the system is shut down suddenly (pulling into a service area after a high-speed drive and stopping the engine) the oil that is in the turbo charger immediately oxidizes and will clog the oil ways with deposits. Over time these deposits can completely block the oil ways, reducing the cooling with the result that the turbo charger experiences total failure, typically with seized bearings. Non-flowing lubricants such as greases and pastes are not effective at heat transfer although they do contribute by reducing the generation of heat in the first place.
Carry away contaminants and debris
Lubricant circulation systems have the benefit of carrying away internally generated debris and external contaminants that get introduced into the system to a filter where they can be removed. Lubricants for machines that regularly generate debris or contaminants such as automotive engines typically contain detergent and dispersant additives to assist in debris and contaminant transport to the filter and removal. Over time the filter will get clogged and require cleaning or replacement, hence the recommendation to change a car’s oil filter at the same time as changing the oil. In closed systems such as gear boxes the filter may be supplemented by a magnet to attract any iron fines that get created.
It is apparent that in a circulatory system the oil will only be as clean as the filter can make it, thus it is unfortunate that there are no industry standards by which consumers can readily assess the filtering ability of various automotive filters. Poor automotive filters significantly reduce the life of the machine (engine) as well as make the system inefficient.
Transmit power
Lubricants known as hydraulic fluid are used as the working fluid in hydrostatic power transmission. Hydraulic fluids comprise a large portion of all lubricants produced in the world. The automatic transmission’s torque converter is another important application for power transmission with lubricants.
Protect against wear
Lubricants prevent wear by keeping the moving parts apart. Lubricants may also contain anti-wear or extreme pressure additives to boost their performance against wear and fatigue.
Prevent corrosion
Many lubricants are formulated with additives that form chemical bonds with surfaces or that exclude moisture, to prevent corrosion and rust. It reduces corrosion between two metallic surfaces and avoids contact between these surfaces to avoid immersed corrosion.
Seal for gases
Lubricants will occupy the clearance between moving parts through the capillary force, thus sealing the clearance. This effect can be used to seal pistons and shafts.
PRODUCT’s GENERAL INFORMATION
SUPPORTING BY PRESENT SAMPLE!
Appearance
Brown color liquid
Specific Gravity (25°C)
0.85 – 0.90
Flash point
>175°C
Pour Point
-25°C
Packing Style:
55 US Gallons Drums
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In chemistry, a corrosion inhibitor or anti-corrosive is a chemical compound that, when added to a liquid or gas, decreases the corrosion rate of a material, typically a metal or an alloy, that comes into contact with the fluid. The effectiveness of a corrosion inhibitor depends on fluid composition, the quantity of water, and the flow regime. Corrosion inhibitors are common in the industry and also found in over-the-counter products, typically in spray form in combination with a lubricant and sometimes a penetrating oil. They may be added to water to prevent the leaching of lead or copper from pipes.
A common mechanism for inhibiting corrosion involves the formation of a coating, often a passivation layer, which prevents access of the corrosive substance to the metal. Permanent treatments such as chrome plating are not generally considered inhibitors, however: corrosion inhibitors are additives to the fluids that surround the metal or related object.
Illustrative applications:
Volatile amines are used in boilers to minimize the effects of acid. In some cases, the amines form a protective film on the steel surface and, at the same time, act as an anodic inhibitor. An inhibitor that acts both in a cathodic and anodic manner is termed a mixed inhibitor.
Benzotriazole inhibits the corrosion and staining of copper surfaces.
Corrosion inhibitors are often added to paints. A pigment with anticorrosive properties is zinc phosphate. Compounds derived from tannic acid or zinc salts of organonitrogens (e.g. Alcophor 827) can be used together with anticorrosive pigments. Other corrosion inhibitors are Anticor 70, Albaex, Ferrophos, and Molywhite MZAP.
Antiseptics are used to counter microbial corrosion. Benzalkonium chloride is commonly used in the oil field industry.
In oil refineries, hydrogen sulfide can corrode steels so it is removed often using air and amines by conversion to polysulfides.
Orthophosphates may be added to water treatment systems to prevent the leaching of lead and copper from pipes.
Fuels industry
Corrosion inhibitors are commonly added to coolants, fuels, hydraulic fluids, boiler water, engine oil, and many other fluids used in industry. For fuels, various corrosion inhibitors can be used. Some components include zinc dithiophosphates.
DCI-4A, widely used in commercial and military jet fuels, acts also as a lubricity additive. Can be also used for gasoline and other distillate fuels.
DCI-6A, for motor gasoline and distillate fuels, and for U.S. military fuels (JP-4, JP-5, JP-8)
DCI-11, for alcohols and gasoline containing, oxygenates
DCI-28, for very low-pH alcohols and gasoline containing, oxygenates
DCI-30, for gasoline and distillate fuels, excellent for pipeline transfers and storage, caustic-resistant
DMA-4 (solution of alkyl amino phosphate in kerosene), for petroleum distillates
PRODUCT’s GENERAL INFORMATION
SUPPORTING BY PRESENT SAMPLE!
Appearance
Brown color
Specific Gravity (25OC)
0.86 ± 0.05
Flash point
> 50 ° C
Pour Point
< – 5 ° C
Solubility
Oil soluble
Packing Style:
55 US Gallons Drums
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An oxygen scavenger is a chemical substance that is used to reduce or completely remove oxygen in fluids and enclosed spaces to prevent oxygen-induced corrosion. It is also known as an oxygen absorber. It is used as a corrosion inhibitor in oil and gas production installations, packaging, production separation, and seawater injection systems. Oxygen scavengers increase the shelf life or service life of the components under protection.
Benefits of oxygen scavengers
Helps retain the fresh-roasted flavor of coffee and nuts
Prevents oxidation of spice oleoresins present in spices themselves and in seasoned foods
Prevents oxidation of vitamins A, C, and E
Extends life of pharmaceuticals
Inhibits mold in natural cheeses and other fermented dairy products
Delays non-enzymatic browning of fruits and some vegetables
Inhibits oxidation and condensation of red pigment of most berries and sauces
Oxygen deprivation contributes to a pest-free environment in museums
Oxygen scavenging technology can quickly reduce oxygen levels in sealed containers to below 0.01%.
PRODUCT’s GENERAL INFORMATION
SUPPORTING BY PRESENT SAMPLE!
Appearance
Colorless to Yellow liquid
pH (5% solution)
5-7
Solubility
Completely Soluble
Packing Style:
55 US Gallons Drums
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A hydrogen sulfide (H2S) scavenger is a specialized chemical or fuel additive widely used in hydrocarbon and chemical processing facilities. These specialized chemicals react selectively with and remove H2S to help meet product and process specifications.
Products treated for H2S include crude oil, fuels, and other refined petroleum products in storage tanks, tanker ships, rail cars, and pipelines.
Hydrogen sulfide can cause damage to pipework, either by reacting directly with steel to create an iron sulfide corrosion film or by increasing the acidity of the liquid/gas mixture in the pipes. When dissolved in water, H2S may be oxidized to form elemental sulfur. This can also produce an iron sulfide corrosion film when in direct contact with the metal surface. Therefore, it is essential to remove H2S from crude oil as quickly and efficiently as possible.
PRODUCT’s GENERAL INFORMATION
SUPPORTING BY PRESENT SAMPLE!
Appearance
Yellow to Brown Liquid
Nature
triazine based
Density g/cm³
1.05 ± 0.05
Flash pointPour PointpH
> 65 ° C < -5 ° C 10-12
Solubility
Miscible in water
Packing Style:
55 US Gallons Drums
Sincerely, let us share more information about our product by sending your valuable request to our marketing department through export@ramacopetroleum.com.
